Monday, January 20, 2014

A menuet by Mozart, age 9

IMSLP has a facsimile of Mozart's London notebook, digitized by the library of the Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland. The volume contains sketches, many of them complete, from 1764 and 1765. Three menuets are among the last pieces in the book. They are followed by a fourth but incomplete menuet and an incomplete fugue for strings (it breaks off just after the exposition finishes).

The three menuets are in F, Bb, and Eb, respectively. A facsimile of the third one is given below, followed by a digital engraving.



The design is 8 + 8, and a repeat sign should undoubtedly be placed in the middle. This little piece is another case of the sentence design showing up much earlier than it ought to do in the classical narrative (that is, Schoenberg's story, in which Beethoven invents the sentence design as better suited to the 19th century organic unity ideal).

Mozart gives the first idea of the continuation phrase the same inverted-arch shape as those in the presentation. The second idea is a formula cadence where the tonic scale degree (here, Bb) is approached from both below (A-natural) and above (C). The B section recasts the basic idea in form of an ascending sequence based on parallel tenths. The transposition of the continuation phrase (to make a "balanced binary" form of the whole) brings the melodic line up to Eb (over G3), then repeats the ascent in the final perfect authentic cadence.